Led by Benjamin Church, they raided Grand Pré and other Acadian communities. Following a French raid on Deerfield on the Massachusetts frontier in February 1704, the English in Boston organized a raid against Acadia the following May. Acadia's governor, Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan, had, in anticipation of war, already begun construction of a stone and earth fort in 1701, which was largely completed by 1704. With the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1702, colonists on both sides again prepared for conflict.
In 1690 it was captured by forces from the Province of Massachusetts Bay, although it was restored to France by the Treaty of Ryswick. It was destroyed in 1613 by English raiders led by Samuel Argall, but eventually rebuilt.
It consequently became a focal point for conflict between English and French colonists in the next century. Port Royal was the capital of the French colony of Acadia almost since the French first began settling the area in 1604. The Conquest of Acadia was a foundational moment in the history of the Canadian state-it was a precursor to the British conquests of Louisbourg and Quebec in the middle of the century. It resulted in the creation of a new colony-Nova Scotia-and introduced significant questions concerning the fate of both the Acadians and the Mi'kmaq who continued to occupy Acadia. The conquest was a key element in the framing of the North American issues in French-British treaty negotiations of 1711–1713. The siege was the third British attempt during Queen Anne's War to capture the Acadian capital, and it had profound consequences over the next 50 years. After the French surrender, the British occupied the fort in the capital with all the pomp and ceremony of having captured one of the great fortresses of Europe, and renamed it Annapolis Royal. The successful British siege marked the beginning of permanent British control over the peninsular portion of Acadia, which they renamed Nova Scotia, and it was the first time the British took and held a French colonial possession. The siege of Port Royal (5–13 October 1710), also known as the Conquest of Acadia, was a military siege conducted by British regular and provincial forces under the command of Francis Nicholson against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy under the command of Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, at the Acadian capital, Port Royal.
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